Bacteriophagesecondaryinfection

摘要： Phagesarecreditedwithhavingbeenfirstdescribedinwhatwenow,officially,arecommemoratingasthe100thanniversaryoftheirdiscovery.Thoseone-hundredyearsofphagehistoryhavenotbeenlackinginexcitement,controversy,andoccasionalconvolution.Onesuchcomplicationistheconceptofsecondaryinfection,whichcantakeonmultipleformswithmyriadconsequences.Thetermssecondaryinfectionandsecondaryadsorption,forexample,canbeusedalmostsynonymouslytodescribevirioninteractionwithalreadyphage-infectedbacteria,andwhichcanresultinwhataredescribedassuperinfectionexclusionorsuperinfectionimmunity.Thephrasesecondaryinfectionalsomaybeusedequivalentlytosuperinfectionorcoinfection,witheachofthesetermsborrowedfrommedicalmicrobiology,andcanresultingeneticexchangebetweenphages,phage-on-phageparasitism,andvariouspartialreductionsinphageproductivitythathavebeentermedmutualexclusion,partialexclusion,orthedepressoreffect.Alternatively,anddrawingfromepidemiology,secondaryinfectionhasbeenusedtodescribephagepopulationgrowthasthatcanoccurduringactivephagetherapyaswellasuponphagecontaminationofindustrialferments.Hereprimaryinfectionsrepresentinitialbacterialpopulationexposuretophageswhileconsequentphagereplicationcanleadtoadditional,thatis,secondaryinfectionsofwhatotherwisearenotyetphage-infectedbacteria.HereIexplorethevaryingmeaningsandresultantambiguitythathasbeenassociatedwiththetermsecondaryinfection.Isuggestinparticularthatsecondaryinfection,asdistinctlydifferentphenomena,caninmultiplewaysinfluencethesuccessofphage-mediatedbiocontrolofbacteria,alsoknownas,phagetherapy. ... （共8頁）