Fluoroscopyguidedpercutaneousrenalaccessinproneposition
摘要: Percutaneousnephrolithotomyisaverycommonlydoneprocedureformanagementofrenalcalculusdisease.Establishingagoodaccessisthefirstandprobablythemostcrucialstepofthisprocedure.Aproperaccessisthegatewaytosuccess.However,thiscrucialstephasthesteepestlearningcurvefor,inafluoroscopyguidedaccess,itinvolvesvisualizingathreedimensionalanatomyonatwodimensionalfluoroscopyscreen.Thisreviewdescribestheanatomicalbasisoftherenalaccess.Itprovidesaliteraturereviewofallaspectsofpercutaneousrenalaccessalongwiththeadvancesthathavetakenplaceinthisfieldovertheyears.Thearticledescribesatechniquetodeterminethesiteofskinpuncture,theangleanddepthofpunctureusingasimplemathematicalprinciple.Italsoreviewsthecommonproblemsfacedduringtheprocessofpunctureanddilatationanddescribesthewaystoovercomethem.Theaimofthisarticleistoprovidethereaderastepbystepguideforpercutaneousrenalaccess. ...
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