Utilityofendoscopicultrasoundandendoscopyindiagnosisandmanagementofhepatocellularcarcinomaanditscomplications:Whatdoesendoscopicultrasonographyofferaboveandbeyondconventionalcross-sectionalimaging?
摘要: Hepatocellularcarcinomaconstitutesover90%oftheprimarylivertumors,therestbeingcholangiocarcinoma.Ithasaninsidiouspresentation,whichisresponsibleforthedelayedpresentation.Hence,themanagementstrategyreliesonscreeningtodiagnoseitanearlystageforcurativeresectionand/ortreatmentwithlocalablativetechniquesorchemotherapy.However,evenwithdifferentscreeningprograms,morethan60%oftumorsarestilldetectedatanadvancedstage,leadingtoanunchangedmortalityrate,therebyimplyingaroomforimprovementinthescreeninganddiagnosticprocess.Inthelastfewyears,therehasbeenevolutionofutilityofendoscopy,specificallyendoscopicultrasonographyalongwithFineneedleaspiration,forthispurpose,whichwecomprehensivelyreviewinthisarticle. ...
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